Vitaly Shentalinsky
The Russian writer and poet Vitaly Aleksandrovich Shentalinsky (°1939) was born in Kemerovo in the southwest of Siberia. He grew up in a small town in Tatarstan, he studied at the Арктическое Морское Училище [Arkticheskoe Morskoe Uchlishche] or the Arctic Maritime Institute in Leningrad and at the Faculty of Journalism. As Pole explorer he wintered at the Wrangel Island and took part in five expeditions.
Shentalinsky would become well known in the period of the perestroika, the reform policy introduced by President Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev (°1931) in the Soviet Union in 1985. At that time, he became chairman of the Commission for the Creative Legacy of Oppressed Writers, with which he conducted research for more than twenty years about how a large number of Russian writers were persecuted in the Stalin era. In 1995 he wrote a voluminous book with the title of The Slaves of Freedom. It became a trilogy, because in 2001 he came up with The Denunciation of Socrates, and in 2007 with Crime without Punishment. The three books are illustrated with rare documents and photographs from the archives of the KGB. The first two were in French and English translation, the translations came on the market much earlier than the Russian originals. The Slaves of Freedom is translated in English as The KGB'S Literary Archive, and The Denunciation of Socrates as Arrested voices.
Vitaly Shentalinsky
Vitaly Shentalinsky carried out his work in the building at the infamous Lubyanka square, where the headquarters of the Cheka, later the GPU, NKVD, the KGB and nowthe FSB are located. In The Master and Margarita Bulgakov described this building as «a certain Moscow institution», with «its windows, shone with their full brightness». In 1988, it was difficult for Shentalinsky to get access to KGB archives. But in September 1991, just after the coup led by KGB chief Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kryuchkov (1924-2007) had been foiled, he could enter. «You're the first writer who comes here voluntarily,» joked a KGB colonel when Shentalinsky when he arrived the first time. «Where shall I put you?» They both laughed.
In the KGB archives, Shentalinsky found the confiscated diary of Mikhail Bulgakov, fragments of the unfinished novella A technical novel by the writer and poet Andrey Platonovich Klimentov (1899-1951), who published under the pseudonym Andrey Platonov, and a 4000-lines apocalyptic poem, entitled Song of the Great Mother by the poet Nikolay Alekseevich Klyuev (1884-1937). He also found a heart-rending letter from stage director Vsevolod Emilevich Meyerhold (1874-1940), in which he tells how he was tortured during the interrogations. He was also told that the confiscated work of Isaac Emmanuilovich Babel (1894-1940) was untraceable. The work consisted of 15 folders with manuscripts, 18 notebooks, 517 letters, postcards and telegrams and 254 separate sheets.
Shentalinsky could also end the uncertainty about the dates of the deaths of some authors. The survivors were given, sometimes years later, totally random dates. In order to mask the execution, the dates were «moved» to the Second World War. Shentalinsky's work in the archives have given a definitive conclusion on this, as well as on the formal charges against the accused.
Officially Shentalinsky was doing searches, ordered by theCommission for the Creative Legacy of Oppressed Writers of the Russian Writers' Union, but in reality he had, even in the «open» days of the Yeltsin era, to struggle to maintain his room in the federal building. Shentalinsky said that, more than by the treatment of writers in the Stalin period, he was particularly shocked by the refusal of Russian politicians, writers and much of the audience to look back to what it really was: «Stalin was a fascist, certainly not less as bad as Hitler. There is a real danger that we are going back to something similar. A recent opinion poll showed that a large majority of Russians would support the Bolsheviks if the Russian people had the same choices as in 1917».
Slaves of freedom was praised by many other famous Russian writers and historians when it was published. Writer and dissident Lev Sinovyevich Kopelev (1912-1997) thanked Shentalinsky «for this bitter, but necessary book».
Use the arrow below to watch a review of the French translation of Slaves of Freedom.
Shentalinsky's trilogy
Рабы свободы
(Slaves of Freedom)
Publisher Progress Pleiade, 1995
620 pages
ISBN 978-5930060850
The KGB'S Literary Archive
Translator John Crowfoot
The Harvill Press, 1995
320 pages
ISBN 978-1860460722
Донос на Сократа
(Denunciation of Socrates)
Publisher Moeravej, 2001
459 pages
ISBN 978-5846300811
Arrested Voices
Translator John Crowfoot
Free Press, 1996
336 pages
ISBN 978-0684827766
Преступление без наказания
(Crime without Punishment)
Publisher Progress Pleiade, 2007
642 pages
ISBN 978-5930060331
Manuscripts Don't Burn
In 1997 the Dutch educational broadcasting company RVU ordered the making of a documentary based on Shentalinsky's findings, particularly the files on Mikhail Bulgakov, Andrey Platonov, Osip Mandelstam and Isaac Babel. The film was titled Manuscripts don't burn, after the famous statement of Woland in The Master and Margarita. The part about Bulgakov himself in the film was titled The Satanic Artist.
On December 3, 1997, it was on the Dutch television.
Use the arrow below to watch The Satanic Artist.